free download memoirs of a battle brother

by Dixon 2002, Wurm 1972, and others) to have been sufficiently intense as to obscure the genetic relationship of the Western Torres Strait language. The contact history of the languages of the Eastern and Western Torres Strait has been claimed (e.g. Though there is a tradition of over a century of writing in the language, starting with the mission schools in the 1870s, education through the language has been sadly ignored by educationalists, and the language faces all the typical problems of those spoken by indigenous minorities.

There is a range of speech styles, much of which has a direct ancestry in pre-colonisation times – formal, archaic, poetic, joking, colloquial, “baby” language, and so on. A complex agglutinative system of deictics also exists. There are two genders, masculine and feminine, marked only on the singular, which for non humans encode cultural significance (masculine) and innate significance (feminine). Grammatical number encodes singular, dual and plural. Verb stems are modified to show attainative versus active telicity, number, aspect, mood and tense. Case inflections are suffixed to nominals to mark their syntactic role in the clause. It is on the continuum between declensional and agglutinative in morphology and has A O V // S V word order. Typologically the language is between the Paman and South-Central/ Eastern-Trans Fly Papuan languages. Though the language is Australian, it has been heavily influenced by both Papuan and Austronesian languages.

The language may have started its formation as early as over 2600 years ago, through the colonisation of Torres Strait by a mixed South-East Papuan Austronesian and East Trans-Fly Papuan group, who overlaid local Paman Australians on the western and southern islands. Something like over a quarter of the speakers of the Western and Central Language of Torres Strait speak the Kalaw Lagaw Ya dialect.

Free download memoirs of a battle brother